Liverpool John Lennon Airport

Liverpool John Lennon Airport (IATA: LPL, ICAO: EGGP) is an international airport serving the city of Liverpool and the North West of England. Formerly known as Speke Airport, RAF Speke, and Liverpool Airport the airport is located within the City of Liverpool adjacent to the estuary of the River Mersey some 6.5 NM (12.0 km; 7.5 mi)^[1] southeast of the centre of Liverpool, the airport is named after Liverpudlian musician John Lennon. Alongside domestic services, there are regular scheduled flights to dozens of locations across Europe, the Near East and North Africa.

Between 1997 and 2007 it was one of Europe's fastest growing airports, having increased its annual passenger numbers from 689,468 in 1997 to 5.47 million in 2007.^[2] Just over 5 million passengers passed through the airport in 2010, making it the tenth busiest airport in the United Kingdom. Liverpool Airport has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P735) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers and for flying instruction.

History

Built in part of the grounds of Speke Hall, Liverpool (Speke) Airport, as the airport was originally known, started scheduled flights in 1930 with a service by Imperial Airways via Barton Aerodrome near Eccles, Manchester and Castle Bromwich Aerodrome Birmingham to Croydon Airport near London. The airport was officially opened in mid-1933. By the late 1930s, air traffic from Liverpool was beginning to take off with increasing demand for Irish Sea crossings, and a distinctive passenger terminal, control tower and two large aircraft hangars were built.

During World War II, the airport was taken over by the Royal Air Force and known as RAF Speke. Rootes built many bombers in a "shadow factory" here, including Bristol Blenheims and 1,070 Handley Page Halifaxes. Lockheed Aircraft Corporation assembled many types including Hudsons and Mustangs, that had been shipped from the United States to Liverpool Docks. The airport was also home to the Merchant Ship Fighter Unit.

On 8 October 1940, Speke was witness to what is thought to be the fastest air to air combat "kill" in the Battle of Britain and possibly of all time. Flight Lieutenant Denys Gillam took off in his Hawker Hurricane from Speke to be confronted by a Junkers 88 passing across him. As his undercarriage was still retracting he shot the Junkers down, and, along with Alois Vašátko and Josef Stehlík, all of 312 Squadron, was credited with the kill. The moment has been caught in a painting by Robert Taylor called "Fastest Victory".^[3][4]

Civil airline operations resumed on a normal basis after VE-day and passengers increased from 50,000 in 1945 to 75,000 in 1948, remaining ahead of Manchester Airport. Ownership by the Ministry of Aviation proved to be a drag on the airport's progress thereafter and Manchester gained the lead from 1949, resulting in Liverpool's loss of the only ground-controlled radar approach unit available to North West airports, further hampering operation.

The city took over control of the airport on 1 January 1961 and prepared development plans. In 1966, a new 7,500 ft (2,286 m) runway was opened by Prince Philip on a new site to the southeast of the existing airfield. It enabled the airport to be open for business around the clock and is in use to this day. Control of the airport transferred to Merseyside County Council from Liverpool Corporation in the mid 1970s and then, ten years later, to the five Merseyside councils following the abolition of Merseyside County Council. A new modern passenger terminal, adjacent to the runway on the southern airfield site, opened in 1986 and this was followed by the closure of the original 1930s building.^[5]

The original terminal building dating from the late 1930s, famously seen on early television footage with its terraces packed with Beatles fans, was left derelict for over a decade after being replaced in 1986. The building was renovated and adapted to become a hotel, opened for business in 2001, preserving its Grade II listed Art Deco style. The hotel was previously part of the Marriott chain of hotels, but is currently the Crowne Plaza Liverpool John Lennon Airport Hotel after a renovation in August 2008.^[6] The former apron of the terminal is also listed and retained in its original condition, although it is no longer connected to the airport or subject to airside access control. It is the home of several aircraft, including BAe Jetstream 41 prototype G-JMAC and Bristol Britannia G-ANCF, preserved by the Jetstream Club. The two art deco style hangars that flank the terminal and apron have also been converted for new uses. One is now a David Lloyd leisure centre, whilst the other has been adapted as the headquarters of the Shop Direct Group, and is now known as Skyways House.^{[7][8][9][10]}

In 1990 ownership of the airport was privatised, with British Aerospace taking a 76% shareholding in the new company. Subsequently the airport has become a wholly owned subsidiary of Peel Holdings Ltd. In 2000, work on a £42.5 million modern passenger terminal began, tripling its size and passenger capacity, and this development was completed in 2002. There have since been further extensions. The airport's strategy is to cater largely for 'low cost' operators, and consequently the layout of the terminal and gates requires passengers to walk unprotected from the weather to and from passenger aircraft. Destinations served are located throughout Europe, the 2007 scheduled services to the USA and Canada having been withdrawn.

2002 saw the airport being renamed in honour of John Lennon, a founding member of the Liverpudlian group the Beatles, twenty-two years after Lennon's death. A 7 ft (2.1 m) tall bronze statue of the local icon stands overlooking the check-in hall. On the roof is painted the airport's motto, a line from Lennon's song "Imagine": "Above us, only sky".^[11] In 2005 the Yellow Submarine, a large-scale work of art, was installed on a traffic island at the entrance to the airport.

In late 2006, the now defunct airline Flyglobespan began daily flights from John Lennon Airport to Tenerife South Airport, the Canary Islands, Spain, and the airport's first long haul flights to John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport near Toronto, Canada, and John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, in the United States. Although they proved fairly popular, a long series of problems with the service led to it being abandoned the next year.

In September 2006 reconstruction started on the main runway and taxiways. This was the first time the runway had been reconstructed (as opposed to resurfaced) since it was opened in 1966. This work was completed in 2007.^[12] In addition to runway and shoulder work was the upgrade of the 40 year old airfield group lighting with a new system, intended to upgrade the runway to ILS Category III standards.^[13] In 2007 Liverpool Airport started the construction of a new multi-level car park and a budget Hampton by Hilton Hotel. The hotel opened in October 2009.^[14] In June 2010 Vancouver Airport Services announced that they reached an agreement with The Peel Group to acquire 65% share in their airports including Liverpool Airport.^[15] Liverpool Airport has experienced improvements airside by creating additional retail units and a more advanced security area aiming at reducing waiting times. The new facilities were completed in autumn 2010.^[16]

A master plan is in place to be completed by 2030 which plans for the airport to grow significantly. This includes, new terminal buildings as well as the introduction of permanent long-haul services.^[17]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Flying clubs

• Merseyflight Air Training School
• Liverpool Flying School
• Ravenair (charter and flying training)

Statistics

Transport links

By road, the airport is readily accessible by the M53 and M56 motorways via the A533 / Runcorn Bridge to the south, and the M57 and M62 motorways via the Knowsley Expressway to the north of the airport.

The airport does not have its own railway station. The nearest station is Liverpool South Parkway, from which there are regular bus shuttle services to the airport. The station provides frequent rail services to central Liverpool, Crosby, Hunts Cross and Southport, on the suburban Merseyrail network, together with longer distance links to Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Nottingham, Grantham, Peterborough and Norwich.

There are also regular bus services linking the airport with the surrounding urban areas. Express shuttle services also operate to Liverpool and Manchester.

Accidents and incidents

• On 20 July 1965, Vickers Viscount G-AMOL of Cambrian Airways crashed on approach from the Isle of Man Airport which resulted in the death of both crew members.^[19]
• On 8 December 1983 a Trans Europe Air Charter Cessna Citation I G-UESS which departed from Liverpool crashed off the coast of Stornoway killing all eight passengers and two crew members.^[20]
• On 10 May 2001, Spanair Flight 3203 (McDonnell Douglas MD-83 EC-FXI) was substantially damaged when the starboard undercarriage collapsed on landing at Liverpool. All 51 people on board evacuated via the escape slides. The substantially-damaged aircraft was repaired and returned to service.^[21]

Gallery

See also

• Yellow Submarine, a sculpture previously displayed in Liverpool, now outside airport entrance

Bibliography

• Liverpool Airport - an Illustrated History. Phil Butler. Tempus Publishing, Stroud, 2004. ISBN 0-7524-3168-4.
• Gabi Dolff-Bonekämper: Berlin-Tempelhof. In: Berlin-Tempelhof, Liverpool-Speke, Paris-Le Bourget. Années 30 Architecture des aéroports, Airport Architecture of the Thierties, Flughafenarchitektur der dreißiger Jahre. Éditions du patrimoine, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-85822-328-9, S. 32–61.
• Bob Hawkins (Hrsg.): Historic airports. Proceedings of the international "L'Europe de l'Air" conferences on Aviation Architecture Liverpool (1999), Berlin (2000), Paris (2001). English Heritage, London 2005, ISBN 1-873592-83-3.

References

External links

• Official website
• Airport Consultative Committee